He Lost 14 Months of Earnings to COVID at 55. His Social Security Statement Showed the Real Cost

Have you ever avoided looking at a number because part of you already knew it was going to hurt? That’s the question I kept returning…

He Lost 14 Months of Earnings to COVID at 55. His Social Security Statement Showed the Real Cost
He Lost 14 Months of Earnings to COVID at 55. His Social Security Statement Showed the Real Cost

Have you ever avoided looking at a number because part of you already knew it was going to hurt? That’s the question I kept returning to after spending an afternoon with Carlos Mendez, a 55-year-old restaurant manager from Miami, Florida, who hadn’t checked his Social Security earnings statement in nearly a decade.

He had his reasons for waiting. Most of them, he admitted to me with a tired half-smile, had more to do with survival than strategy.

A Life Built Around Other People’s Hunger

When I sat down with Carlos Mendez at a corner table in the Miami restaurant where he now manages the evening shift, he ordered water and told the server to keep the table open — he was still on the clock in his head. That detail told me everything I needed to know about him before he said a word.

Carlos has spent more than 25 years in the restaurant industry. He was managing a well-regarded Miami Beach establishment when COVID-19 shuttered it in March 2020. What followed was 14 months of unemployment — burned savings, reduced payments from his wife’s ex-husband, and a household with four children to feed across two families blended into one.

KEY TAKEAWAY
A gap in earned income — even one or two years — directly reduces the Social Security benefit calculation, which uses your 35 highest-earning years. For workers in their 50s, a COVID-era gap can replace a high-earning year with a zero, permanently lowering projected monthly benefits.

“I didn’t touch the savings account for the first four months,” Carlos told me. “I kept thinking, this will end, the restaurant will reopen, we’ll be fine. By month seven, we were pulling out whatever was left just to make rent.”

By the time he found a new management position — at a smaller venue, at a meaningfully lower salary — the savings account had $0 in it. He was 53 years old and starting over.

The Statement He Had Been Avoiding

At my suggestion, Carlos pulled up his Social Security online account on his phone right there at the table. He had created the account years ago but hadn’t logged in since 2017. When the earnings record loaded, he went quiet for a moment.

His estimated monthly retirement benefit at age 67 — his full retirement age — was listed at approximately $1,640. His estimated benefit at age 62, if he chose early retirement, dropped to roughly $1,148. At 70, delayed retirement would bring him to approximately $2,035 per month.

$1,640
Carlos’s estimated benefit at age 67 (full retirement)

$1,148
Estimated benefit at age 62 (early retirement)

$2,035
Estimated benefit at age 70 (delayed retirement)

What Carlos noticed immediately was the two-year crater in his earnings record: 2020 showed near-zero income, and 2021 showed partial-year income from when he finally found work again. According to the Social Security Administration, the retirement benefit formula uses a worker’s 35 highest-earning years. Any year with zero or reduced income doesn’t disappear — it counts as a low-earning year that drags down the lifetime average.

“Two years out of 35,” he said, tapping the screen. “It doesn’t sound like much when you say it like that. But look at those numbers. I should be doing better than this at 55.”

The Compound Weight of a Blended Family

Carlos’s financial picture is more complicated than most, and he didn’t minimize it when we talked. He and his wife, Marisol, have four children between them: two of Carlos’s biological children from a previous relationship, and two of Marisol’s from her marriage before Carlos. All four live with them full-time.

Marisol’s ex-husband is legally obligated to pay child support for his two children. In practice, Carlos told me, the payments arrive inconsistently — sometimes on time, sometimes two or three months late, and occasionally not at all for stretches that stretch the household budget to its breaking point.

“I’m not going to let the kids feel the difference between when the check comes and when it doesn’t. That’s not something kids should carry. So I carry it instead.”
— Carlos Mendez, Restaurant Manager, Miami, FL

That generosity has a ledger, though. Carlos absorbs the shortfall from his own paycheck — a paycheck that is already lower than what he earned before COVID. He told me he hasn’t put a dollar into any retirement account since early 2020. The math on that, compounded over the remaining years before his Social Security eligibility, is sobering.

The 2025 Social Security COLA adjustment — a 2.5% increase effective January 2025, according to the SSA’s official COLA announcement — is meaningful for current beneficiaries. But for Carlos, who is still more than a decade from claiming, it serves as a reminder of how inflation and benefit calculations interact over time. His projected benefit will be adjusted for inflation between now and when he claims, but only if his earnings record doesn’t accumulate more lean years.

⚠ IMPORTANT
Workers who experienced COVID-related income gaps between 2020 and 2022 may see those years reflected as low-earning years in their Social Security record. Logging into your account at ssa.gov/myaccount allows you to review your full earnings history and flag any discrepancies to the SSA directly.

What the Numbers Actually Mean at 55

I asked Carlos to walk me through a typical month — not to pry, but because the abstract becomes real only when it’s specific. He earns approximately $52,000 annually in his current role, down from what he described as “closer to $68,000” before the restaurant closed. After taxes, rent, groceries for six, utilities, and the kids’ school-related expenses, there is almost nothing left.

The child support payments from Marisol’s ex, when they arrive, run approximately $800 per month for the two children. When they don’t arrive, Carlos said, he simply adjusts — skips his own haircut, delays a car repair, eats at the restaurant on shift to save a meal at home.

Retirement Age Estimated Monthly Benefit Key Trade-Off
62 (Early) ~$1,148 Permanent reduction; fewer earning years added
67 (Full Retirement Age) ~$1,640 Standard benefit; 12 more earning years to improve record
70 (Delayed) ~$2,035 Maximum benefit; requires financial stability until 70

“I’d love to wait until 70,” Carlos said when I showed him that comparison. “That $400 difference every month in retirement — that’s real money. But I don’t know if I can afford to wait. Sixty-two might end up being what I have to do.” He paused, then added: “That’s the part I don’t like saying out loud.”

The Part That Keeps Him Up at Night

As our conversation wound down, I asked Carlos what he actually worries about most — not the numbers, but the feeling underneath them. He didn’t hesitate.

“I worked 25 years in this industry. I played by the rules. And one virus, one shutdown, wiped out everything I had saved. Now I’m 55 and I feel like I’m 35 again — starting over, except my knees hurt more.”
— Carlos Mendez, Restaurant Manager, Miami, FL

He isn’t alone in that experience. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, workers over 50 who experienced pandemic-era unemployment faced longer average job search periods and, when re-employed, frequently accepted positions at lower wages than their pre-pandemic roles. Carlos is a data point in that larger story — but sitting across from him, he’s not a statistic. He’s a man calculating how to cover groceries for six people when a child support check doesn’t arrive.

How the Social Security Benefit Calculation Works
1
35 Highest-Earning Years — SSA identifies the 35 years in which you earned the most, adjusted for inflation.

2
AIME Calculation — Those 35 years are averaged into your Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME).

3
Bend Point Formula — A progressive formula converts your AIME into your Primary Insurance Amount (PIA), which becomes your benefit.

4
Zero-Earning Years — If you have fewer than 35 years of earnings, zeroes are averaged in. Low-earning years (like COVID-era gaps) reduce the average.

What strikes me most about Carlos’s situation is not the dollar amounts — it’s the accumulation. Each sacrifice he makes for the kids, each month he absorbs the missing child support payment, each year he delays rebuilding savings to keep the household running — it all compounds in a direction away from security. At 55, with 12 years until full retirement age, he still has time to add strong earning years to that Social Security record. But time feels different when you’re tired, and Carlos Mendez is tired in the way that only people who have given everything away can be.

“I don’t regret any of it,” he told me as he stood up to get back to work. “The kids are good. They’re okay. That’s what matters.” He said it the way people say things they have decided to believe through sheer force of will.

I believed him. I also believed that somewhere under that statement, a man was doing math he didn’t like and carrying a weight he had decided no one else should share. That’s not a financial plan. But it is, unmistakably, a life.

Related: He Ran His Shop for 18 Years. When He Finally Checked His Social Security Statement, He Wished He Hadn’t

Related: She Worked 32 Years at USPS and Still Can’t Afford a New Roof — The Hidden Cost of Losing a Spouse’s Social Security

Frequently Asked Questions

How does a gap in work history affect my Social Security benefit?

The Social Security Administration calculates your benefit using your 35 highest-earning years. If you have fewer than 35 years of earnings — or years with very low income due to unemployment — those years are averaged in as zeros or near-zeros, which reduces your Average Indexed Monthly Earnings (AIME) and lowers your monthly benefit.
What was the Social Security COLA increase for 2025?

The Social Security Administration announced a 2.5% cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) for 2025, effective with January 2025 benefit payments. This affected approximately 72 million Social Security and SSI beneficiaries.
At what age can I start collecting Social Security retirement benefits?

You can begin collecting Social Security retirement benefits as early as age 62, but your benefit will be permanently reduced. Full retirement age is 67 for anyone born in 1960 or later. Delaying until age 70 earns you the maximum benefit through delayed retirement credits.
How can I check my Social Security earnings record?

You can review your full earnings history and estimated future benefits by creating or logging into a my Social Security account at ssa.gov/myaccount. The SSA recommends checking annually to catch any discrepancies in your earnings record.
Can COVID-era unemployment gaps be corrected on a Social Security earnings record?

A COVID-era gap in earnings is not an error — it reflects actual reported income. It cannot be corrected unless wages were incorrectly reported by an employer. However, continuing to work and earn higher wages in subsequent years can gradually replace low-earning years in the 35-year calculation as new higher-earning years are added.

108 articles

Sloane Avery Wren

Senior Benefits Writer covering Social Security, Medicare, and retirement policy. M.P.P. University of Michigan. Former CBPP researcher. NSSA Certified.

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